'Disorders in Adrenal Cortex Hormone Secretion\r'

'Addison’s unsoundness or ‘ supr arenal gland gland lack’ is a condition in which the suprarenal gland gland secretory organs do not amaze sufficient amounts of the internal secretion cortisol (Mayo 2006). This endocrine gland helps to control the line of work pressure, cardiovascular bodily process, resistive responses, insulin function, metabolism, etc in the be (NIDDK 2004). In some cases, a hormone that controls the blood pressure and the fluid repose in the system (aldosterone) is also unnatural (NIDDK 2004). The adrenal glands argon have higher up the kidneys and produce some(prenominal) former(a) hormones inf altogetherible for normal functioning of the body (Mayo 2006).Addison’s disease tin occur in both sexes equally and in all age groups, but is more normal in the middle-age group (Mayo 2006). The hypophysis gland and the hypothalamus (structures present in the skull) control the activity of the adrenal gland by ensuring co mely intersection and release of the cortisol hormone. The hypothalamus produces a hormone CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone), that stimulates the pituitary to produce the adrenocorticotrophic hormone hormones that further stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol (NIDDK 2004).Addison’s disease may direct due to subscript production of cortisol by the adrenal gland (primary insufficiency) or due to decreased stimulation from the pituitary gland (secondary insufficiency) (NIDDK 2004). Primary adrenal insufficiency may take aim due to an immune dysfunction. Most of the cases of dumbfound due to the body’s defense mechanism assail the tissues of the adrenal cortex and forceing in subscript production of the hormone (NIDDK 2004). Primary adrenal insufficiency may also bring out in association with ‘Polyendocrine Deficiency Syndrome’, in which several hormonal levels are deficient due to a genetic perturb (NIDDK 2004).Several other causes including tuberculosis, infections, hemorrhage, tumors, spread of tumors, surgery, etc, of the adrenal glands could will in primary insufficiency (Mayo 2006). substitute(prenominal) adrenal insufficiency erect develop due to cut production of corticotrophin by the pituitary glands or CRH by the hypothalamus (Mayo 2006). The corticotropin production stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, and the CRH hormone encourages the pituitary to release ACTH (NIDDK 2004). The level of ACTH is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism.Tumors that mint the pituitary, surgical remotion of the gland, radiotherapy to the head and neck region, reduced supply of blood to the pituitary, etc, could also result in secondary adrenal insufficiency (NIDDK 2004). pheochromocytoma is a tumor that arises from adrenal glands that result in excessive production of the hormones epinephrine and nor-epinephrine (Mayo 2006). These hormones control the blood pressure, the regularise at which the heart beats and several other activities in the body (Nanda 2006).They are required especially in nerve-racking conditions such as fright, flight and fight, stimulated stress, etc (Mayo 2006). The tumor develops from the inner portion of the adrenal gland known as ‘adrenal myeline’ (Nanda 2006). Most of the Pheochromocytoma are benign or self-limiting in nature (about 90 %), and only a bittie proportion is cancerous (10 %) (Nanda 2006). The tumor can occur in both sexes and in all age-groups, but is more prevalent in the middle-age group. The exact cause Pheochromocytoma is still not understood. The tumor ordinarily develops from the chromaffin cells present in the adrenal medulla (Mayo 2006).The tumor generally arises from one of the adrenal glands, and in rare cases it develops from both (about 10 %) (NCI 2005). Pheochromocytoma can also develop from extra-adrenal sites in about 10 to 15 % of all cases (NCI 2005), as the chromaffin cells are present in differ ent tissues of the body (Mayo 2006). double endocrine neoplasia, type II (MEN-II) is a condition in which tumors develop from various endocrine glands present in the body such as the thyroid, the parathyroid, adrenal glands, etc, resulting in hormonal imbalances (Mayo 2006).Such patients usually develop bilaterally symmetric tumors in the adrenal glands (NCI 2005). Pheochromocytoma can experience in Van-Hippel-Lindau Disease that tends to affect several organs in the body. It can also be associated with neurofibromatosis in which tumors develop in various move including the skin, optic nerve and the bones (Mayo 2006). The other conditions in which Pheochromocytoma can exist include tuberous sclerosis, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Sturge-Weber’s syndrome, etc (NCI 2005).\r\n'